Question

what is direct and indirect speech?

Answer 1

Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.
"I'm going to the cinema", he said.

Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.
He said he was going to the cinema.

Answer 2

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1.Direct speech:−

What a man says is kept as it is within a quotation (" ") marks. A sentence containing such a quote is called the DIRECT SPEECH or DIRECT NARRATION.

⟹ The direct speech is always enclosed with inverted commas (" ")

⟹ There is no change in words.

Example : We said, "Long live the leader."

2.Indirect speech:−

Sometimes the exact speech of a speaker is not repeated but reported. Such a speech is called INDIRECT SPEECH or INDIRECT NARRATION.

⟹ We change a sentence in indirect speech without using first person's actual words.

⟹ This is also known as reported speech.

⟹ We change it into the past tense.

Example : We wished that the leader might live long.

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