Question

what is Direct and Indirect Speech​

Answer 1

Indirect speech, also known as reported speech or indirect discourse, is a means of expressing the content of statements, questions or other utterances, without quoting them explicitly as is done in direct speech. For example, He said "I'm coming" is direct speech, whereas He said he was coming is indirect speech.In grammar, indirect speech often makes use of certain syntactic structures such as content clauses ("that" clauses, such as (that) he was coming), and sometimes infinitive phrases. References to questions in indirect speech frequently take the form of interrogative content clauses, also called indirect questions (such as whether he was coming).

In indirect speech certain grammatical categories are changed relative to the words of the original sentence.[1] For example, person may change as a result of a change of speaker or listener (as I changes to he in the example above). In some languages, including English, the tense of verbs is often changed – this is often called sequence of tenses. Some languages have a change of mood: Latin switches from indicative to the infinitive (for statements) or the subjunctive (for questions).

When written, indirect speech is not normally enclosed in quotation marks or any similar typographical devices for indicating that a direct quotation is being made. However such devices are sometimes used to indicate that the indirect speech is a faithful quotation of someone's words (with additional devices such as square brackets and ellipses to indicate deviations or omissions from those words), as in He informed us that "after dinner would like to make an announcement.

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Answer 2

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• What is Direct and Indirect Speech?

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In English there are 2 types of speeches that are:-

• Direct speech
• Indirect speech

$\bf{\underline{\underline{\red{\purple{ Direct\: Speech:}}}}}$

When we want to describe what someone said, one option is to use direct speech. We use direct speech when we simply repeat what someone says, putting the phrase between speech marks:

Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.

The actual words that a person said.

$\bf{\underline{\underline{\pink{\orange{ InDirect\: Speech:}}}}}$

When we want to report what someone said without speech marks and without necessarily using exactly the same words, we can use indirect speech (also called reported speech)

Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.

Reporting what somebody has said, not using the actual words.

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Rules for converting Direct into Indirect speech:

To change a sentence of direct speech into indirect speech there are various factors that are considered, such as reporting verbs, modals, time, place, pronouns, tenses, etc. We will discuss each of these factors one by one.

Rule 1 – Direct To Indirect Speech Conversion – Reporting Verb:

When the reporting verb of direct speech is in past tense then all the present tenses are changed to the corresponding past tense in indirect speech.

Direct to indirect speech example:

$\sf\underline\red{Direct\:Speech:}$She said, ‘I am happy’.

$\sf\underline\orange{InDirect\:Speech:}$She said (that) she was happy.

$\sf\underline\red{Direct\:Speech:}$He said, ‘We cannot live without air’.

$\sf\underline\orange{InDirect\:Speech:}$He said that we cannot live without air.

$\sf\underline\red{Direct\:Speech:}$“I had a headache yesterday.”

$\sf\underline\orange{InDirect\:Speech:}$She said she was seeing her brother the following day.

$\sf\underline\red{Direct\:Speech:}$“It’s been raining since this afternoon.”

$\sf\underline\orange{InDirect\:Speech:}$He said it’d been raining since that afternoon.

$\sf\underline\red{Direct\:Speech:}$“Do they live here?”

$\sf\underline\orange{InDirect\:Speech:}$You asked me if they lived here.

$\sf\underline\red{Direct\:Speech:}$ “We’re quite cold in here.”

$\sf\underline\orange{InDirect\:Speech:}$They say (that) they’re cold.

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