Question

what is direct and indirect speech?​

Answer 1

In direct speech, the actual words (with no change) of speaker are quoted. There is always a comma or a colon after “said” that introduces the spoken words. Example: He said, “I am going to School” Indirect Speech: In indirect speech, the actual words of the speaker are changed.

Answer 2

$\huge{\boxed{\rm{Speeches}}}$

In English there are two types of Speeches :-

• Direct Speech
• Indirect Speech

$\bf \underline{ \purple{Explaination}}$

Look at the following sentences :

1. Arun said, "Ria is a clever girl."
2. Arun said that Ria was a clever girl.

These two sentences illustrate the two ways in which we can report the words of a speaker.

➼ In the first sentence, we give the exact words of the speaker. This is called Direct Speech.

➼ In the second sentence, we do not give the exact words of the speaker but give only the substance of what is said by the speaker. This is called Indirect Speech.

In the first sentence, said is called the Reporting Verb and 'Ria is a clever girl' is called the Reported Speech.

➠ The following points are about the Direct Speech :

(1) The actual words spoken by the speaker are put within inverted commas. (" ")

(2) The first word of the Reported Speech begins with a Capital Letter.

(3) A comma is used after the Reporting Verb to separate it from the Reported Speech.

➠ The following points are about the Indirect Speech :

(1) The Reported Speech is not placed within inverted commas.

(2) No comma is used after the Reporting Verb.

(3) The Reported Speech is introduced by the Conjunction 'that'.

(4) The verb 'is' is changed into was.

$\bf \underline {\color{red}{Rules \: for \: changing \:}}$

$\bf \underline{ \color{red}{ Direct \: Speech \: into \: Indirect \: Speech }}$

$\colorbox{pink}{\color{black}{Rule~1}}$

If the reporting verb is in the Present or Future Tense, the Verb in the Reported Speech is not changed at all.

$\colorbox{pink}{\color{black}{Rule~2}}$

If the Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense the Verb in the Reported Speech is also changed into the Corresponding Past Tense.

$\colorbox{pink}{\color{black}{Rule~3}}$

Exception to Rule 2

If the Reported Speech contains some universal truth or habitual fact or a historical fact, then the Past Tense in the Reported Speech remains unchanged.

$\colorbox{pink}{\color{black}{Rule~4}}$

Pronouns of the First Person in Direct Speech are changed to the same person as the subject of the introductory verb in Indirect Speech.

$\colorbox{pink}{\color{black}{Rule~5}}$

Pronouns of the Second Person in Direct Speech are changed to the same person as the object of the Introductory verb in Indirect Speech.

$\colorbox{pink}{\color{black}{Rule~6}}$

Pronouns of the Third Person in Direct Speech remain the same in Indirect Speech.

$\colorbox{pink}{\color{black}{Rule~7}}$

While changing a sentence from Direct into Indirect Speech, words showing nearness are changed into word showing distance.