Question

What is direct speech and reported speech? What are that basic rules of speech and conversion?

Answer 1

Answer:

Direct speech involves exact words spoken that use speech marks in a sentence.

Reported speech, also known as indirect speech is when something someone has said is summed up, without writing the speech out fully.

Direct Speech :

In direct speech, we convey the message of the speaker in his own actual words without any change to another person.

In direct speech, we convey the message of the speaker in his own actual words without any change to another person.Indirect Speech :

In indirect speech, we convey the message of the speaker in our own words to another person.

In indirect speech, we convey the message of the speaker in our own words to another person.Procedure of changing direct speech into indirect speech :

Remove comma and inverted commas.

Remove comma and inverted commas.Put "that" between the reporting and reported speeches.(it is optional to put "that" between the reporting and reported speech).

Change the 1st letter of reported speech into small letter except for "I".

Change the words expressing nearness in time or places of the direct speech into its appropriate words expressing distance as per Table 1:

Rules for changing Direct into Indirect Speech

Rules for changing Direct into Indirect SpeechThe past tense is often used when it is uncertain if the statement is true or when we are reporting objectively.

Indirect Speech Conversion Direct Speech Condition:

Present Tenses in the Direct Speech are changed into Past Tense. If the reporting or principal verb is in the Past Tense.

Do Not Change Tense of reported Speech in Indirect Speech sentence.If in direct speech you find say/says or will say.

Direct speech the words within the quotation marks talk of a universal truth or habitual action.

The reporting verb is in a present tense.

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Answer 2

Direct Speech - It is also called direct narration. It is shown inside the double quotation make. The speaker said it directly, there is no change of words.

Example - He said, "He is playing football."

Indirect Speech - It is also known as indirect narration. There are some changes in words from the original words. Tense and pronouns are changed according to the verb which is reported.

Example - direct speech - They said, "We are going to the playground."

Indirect speech - They said that they were going to the playground.

Basic rules of speech and conversation in both direct and indirect speech -

Basic rules of speech and conversation in the direct speech -

• You should separate the reporting verb from the direct speech by comma(,).
• Keep the words within double quotes or double inverted commas(" ") that is spoken by the speaker.
• Always begin the first word with a capital letter inside the inverted commas.

Basic rules of speech and conversation in the indirect speech -

• Do not forget to change the reported verb according to the sense conveyed by the speech.
• Never change the tense of the reporting verb.
• The commas that separate the reporting verb from the direct speech should be removed.
• Inverted commas should be removed.
• Also introduce the indirect speech by - like that, if, whether, what, where, why. how, etc according to the kind of sentence.
• Always convert all kinds of sentences into assertive statements.
• Do not forget to make necessary changes like change in person, form of the verb, place, time and expression.

More changes -

1. 1st person (I, we, etc) $\implies$ should be changed according to the subject of the reporting verb.
2. 2nd person (you, your) $\implies$ It should be changed according to the object of reporting verb.
3. 3rd person (he, she, it, they, his, her, etc) $\implies$ It should have no change.
4. Also, change the 1st person to 3rd person if the reporting verb has no object mentioned.