Question

what is distillation​

Answer 1

Answer:

Distillation is the process used for separating the components from a liquid mixture on the basis of their boiling point .

the liquid mixture is heated and the constituted component present in the liquid vaporizes , the lower boiling component boils quickely and forms more vapours than the component having high boiling point .

for example : if you want to separate the ethanol water mixture ,( ehtanol has boiling point of 76 degree celcius and water has 100 degree celcius at atmospheric pressure ) you can heat the mixture , initially ethanol will form the vapors as it has lower boiling point , the ethanol vapors can be condensed to achieve relatively pure ethanol .

Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components in the mixture.

In either case, the process exploits differences in the relative volatility of the mixture's components.

In industrial chemistry, distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance, but it is a physical separation process, not a chemical reaction.

There are different type of distillation used in industry ans lab scale  few major are :

1 Simple distillation

2 Fractional distillation

3 Steam distillation

4 Vacuum distillation

vacuum distillation is used for the components having higher boiling points , as boiling point decreases with decrease in pressure, so a vacuum is created in the tower so that mixture can be separated at the lower temperature.

Fractional distillation  is mostly used in oil refineries to produce petrol ,diesel, kerosene etc.

a simple setup is shown below in the diagram:

Answer 2

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Distillation is the process of extraction of any substance more important from an ore of that substance.

It is highly used in laboratory for solubility tests of HCL acid.

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