Question

What is distillation and fractional distillation? What is the basic property that separates the
two methods?​

Answer 1

Answer: Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, separating chemical compounds by their boiling point by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the compound will vaporize.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Distillation is used for the separation of components of a mixture containing two miscible liquid that boil without decomposition and have sufficient difference in their boiling points. Fractional distillation is used for the separation of components of a mixture containing more than two miscible liquids for which the difference in their boiling points is less than 25k.

The property that separates the two processes is difference in the boiling points of the components of the mixture i.e. if difference in boiling points is large then we use distillation but if difference in boiling points is less, we use fractional distillation.