What Is DNA ???
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DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. It is found in the cells of all living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.
DNA consists of two strands that are twisted together in a double helix structure. Each strand is made up of a series of nucleotides, which are composed of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
The arrangement of these four nitrogenous bases along the DNA strand forms a genetic code. Adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine always pairs with guanine (C-G), forming complementary base pairs. This complementarity allows DNA to replicate accurately during cell division and to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next.
The sequence of bases along the DNA molecule determines the specific instructions for the synthesis of proteins and other molecules needed for the functioning and growth of an organism. This sequence is unique to each individual, contributing to genetic diversity and the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring .