Question

What is DNA replication? Explain the process of replication.

Answer 1

dna replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of dna from one original dna molicule. This process occurs in all living organisms and is the basir for biological inheritance.

Answer 2

Replication is a molecular biological process by which a DNA molecules is copied to produce two identical copies of itself. This process is the most basic process that ocuurs within the cells.

Explanation:

• The process of duplication of DNA  is known as DNA replication. Replication process involves multiple enzymes known as replication enzymes and RNA molecule.
• In eukaryotic cells the DNA replications occurs in S phase of interphase.
• DNA replication is responsible for cell growth, cell repair, and reproduction in cells.
• PROCESS OF REPLICATION-:
• Replication Enzymes-: DNA helicase ,DNA primase,DNA polymerases,Topoisomerase or DNA Gyrase,Exonucleases,DNA ligase

1. Replication Fork Formation-: Before DNA can be replicated, the double stranded molecule must be “unzipped” into two single strands.This is performed by an enzyme known as DNA helicase.One strand is 3' to 5' direction called leading strand while the other is   5' to 3'  called lagging strand.
2. Primer Binding-: After the separation of DNA strands a short piece of RNA called a primer binds to the 3' end of the strand. The enzyme responsibl for it is DNA primase.
3. Elongation-:  DNA polymerases enzyme are responsible for making the new strand by elongation process.
4. Termination-:  In the first step enzyme exonuclease removes RNA primers from the original strands. After that another enzyme DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together and form a single strands. At last the enzyme telomerase catalyzes the synthesis of telomere sequences at the ends of the DNA and terminate the DNA replication.