Question

what is drainage? Also mention the side effect of water logging on soil as well as their corrective measures.​

Answer 1

Answer:

drainage is a natural or the artificial removal of a surface water and sub surface water from an area which has exess of water

Answer 2

Answer:

Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area with excess of water. The internal drainage of most agricultural soils is good enough to prevent severe waterlogging (anaerobic conditions that harm root growth), but many soils need artificial drainage to improve production or to manage water supplies.

New drainage systems incorporate geotextile filters that retain and prevent fine grains of soil from passing into and clogging the drain. Geotextiles are synthetic textile fabrics specially manufactured for civil and environmental engineering applications. Geotextiles are designed to retain fine soil particles while allowing water to pass through. In a typical drainage system, they would be laid along a trench which would then be filled with coarse granular material: gravel, sea shells, stone or rock. The geotextile is then folded over the top of the stone and the trench is then covered by soil. Groundwater seeps through the geotextile and flows through the stone to an outfell. In high groundwater conditions a perforated plastic (PVC or PE) pipe is laid along the base of the drain to increase the volume of water transported in the drain.

Alternatively, a prefabricated plastic drainage system made of HDPE, often incorporating geotextile, coco fiber or rag filters can be considered. The use of these materials has become increasingly more common due to their ease of use which eliminates the need for transporting and laying stone drainage aggregate which is invariably more expensive than a synthetic drain and concrete liners.

Over the past 30 years geotextile, PVC filters and HDPE filters have become the most commonly used soil filter media. They are cheap to produce and easy to lay, with factory controlled properties that ensure long term filtration performance even in fine silty soil conditions.

Explanation:

When the aeration of the soil is satisfactory bacteriological activities produce the required nitrates from the nitrogenous compounds present in the soil. It helps the crop growth. Excessive moisture content creates anaerobic condition in the soil. The plant roots do not get the required nourishing food or nutrients. As a result crop growth is badly affected.

2. Growth of Water Loving Wild Plants:

When the soil is waterlogged water loving wild plant life grows abundantly. The growth of wild plants totally prevent the growth of useful crops.

3. Impossibility of Tillage Operations:

Waterlogged fields cannot be tilled properly. The reason is that the soil contains excessive moisture content and it does not give proper tilth.

4. Accumulation of Harmful Salts

The upward water movement brings the toxic salts in the crop root-zone. Excess accumulation of these salts may turn the soil alkaline. It may hamper the crop growth.

5. Lowering of Soil Temperature:

The presence of excessive moisture content lowers the temperature of the soil. In low temperature the bacteriological activities are retarded which affects the crop growth badly.

6. Reduction in Time of Maturity:

Untimely maturity of the crops is the characteristic of waterlogged lands. Due to this shortening of crop period the crop yield is reduced considerably.