what is drift speed
Answers
Answer:
Drift Speed: Free electrons moving in a conductor make many collisions with other electrons and atoms. The path of one electron is shown. The average velocity of the free charges is called the drift velocity and is in the direction opposite to the electric field for electrons.
Answer:
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Explanation:
In physics a drift velocity is the average velocity attained by charged particles, such as electrons, in a material due to an electric field. In general, an electron in a conductor will propagate randomly at the Fermi velocity, resulting in an average velocity of zero. Applying an electric field adds to this random motion a small net flow in one direction; this is the drift.
Drift velocity is proportional to current. In a resistive material it is also proportional to the magnitude of an external electric field. Thus Ohm's law can be explained in terms of drift velocity. The law's most elementary expression is:
{\displaystyle u=\mu E,} u=\mu E,
where u is drift velocity, μ is the material's electron mobility, and E is the electric field. In the MKS system these quantities' units are m/s, m2/(V·s), and V/m, respectively.
When a potential difference is applied across a conductor, free electrons gain velocity in the direction opposite to the electric field between successive collisions, thus acquiring a velocity component in that direction in addition to its random thermal velocity. As a result there is a definite small drift velocity of electrons, which is superimposed on the random motion of free electrons. Due to this drift velocity, there is a net flow of electrons opposite to the direction of the field.