What is dynamic equilibrium ?
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In an unbiased pn-junction where no external voltage is applied, transfer of electrons and holes across the pn-junction takes place when both the terminals of the junction are shorted together. In this transfer, when a situation arises where the majority charge carriers are equal in number and both moving in opposite directions, an equilibrium is established. Here, the net current flowing across the junction is zero. This state is called dynamic equilibrium.
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The reaction, NaCl(s) ⇌ Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq), will be in dynamic equilibrium when the rate of the dissolution of the NaCl equals the rate of recrystallization. Another example of dynamic equilibrium is NO2(g) + CO(g) ⇌ NO(g) + CO2(g) (again, as long as the two rates are equal).
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