Biology, asked by nipunranjan1, 1 year ago

what is ecosystem what is its components and how its work

Answers

Answered by WolverineX24
5
An ecosystem is a large community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in a particular area.[2] The living and physical components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.[3] Ecosystems can be of any size, but usually they are in particular places. This answer is a copied answer from Internet.
It's real defination is.
An ecosystem is group of population of several organisms like cow, goat, humans, plant etc. living in a particular area.
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Answered by Ruhanika105
8
Ecosystem: An Ecosystem is a self regulating group of biotic communities of species interacting with one another and with their non-living environment exchanging energy and matter.
The study of ecosystem is known as ecology.
The term ecology was coined by EARNST HAECKEL in 1869.
It is derived from the Greek words Okios- home + logos - study.
So, ecology deals with the study of organisms in their natural home interacting with their surroundings.
The surroundings or environment consists of other living organisms called biotic components and physical factors called abiotic components.

Components of ecosystem:
♦ Biotic components: The plants, animals and microorganisms present in an ecosystem form the biotic component. These organisms have different nutritional behaviour and status in the ecosystems and our accordingly known as producers consumers based on how do they get their food.

♦♦ Producers- They are mainly the green plants, which synthesise their food themselves by making use of carbon dioxide present in the air and water in the presence of Sunlight by involving chlorophyll, the green pigment which is present in the leaves through the process of photosynthesis.

There are some microorganisms also which can produce organic matter to some extent through oxidation of certain chemicals in the absence of Sunlight. They are known as chemosynthetic organisms or chemo autotrophs.

♦♦ Consumers- All organisms are called consumers which are of the following types:
a). Herbivores- plant eaters, they feed directly on producers and hence, are known as primary consumers.
eg: rabbit

b). Carnivores - meat eaters, they feed on other consumers. If they feed on herbivores they are called secondary consumers. eg: frog.
If they feed on other carnivores they are called tertiary consumers. eg: snake.

c). Omnivores- They feed on both plants and animals.
eg: fox, humans

d). Saprotrophs - They feed on the parts of dead organisms, wastes of living organisms, their cast-offs and partially decomposed matter.
eg: termites, crabs.

♦♦ Decomposers- They derive their nutrition by breaking down the complex organic molecules to simpler organic compounds and ultimately into organic nutrients.
eg: bacteria, fungi.

♦ Abiotic components: The physical and chemical components of an ecosystem constitut it's a biotic structure. It includes climatic factors, soil factors, geographical factors, energy nutrients and toxic substances.

a). Physical factors- The sun light and shade, intensity of solar flux, duration of sun hours, wind, latitude and altitude, soil type, water availability, water currents, etc. are some of the important physical features which have a strong influence on the ecosystem.

b). Chemical factors- Availability of major essential nutrients like carbon, nitrogen Phosphorus, potassium, hydrogen, Oxygen and sulphur, level of toxic substances, salts causing salinity and various organic substances present in the soil or water largely influence the functioning of the ecosystem.

FUNCTIONING OF ECOSYSTEM:

Every ecosystem performs and their natural conditions in a systemic way. It receive energy from the sun and passes it on through various biotic components and in fact, all life depends upon this flow of energy. Besides energy, various nutrients and water are also required for life processes which are exchanged by the biotic components within themselves and with their abiotic components within or outside the ecosystem. The biotic components also regulate themselves in a very systematic manner and show mechanics to encounter some degree of environmental stress.
The major functional attributes of an ecosystem are as follows:

• Food chain, food webs and trophic structure
• Energy flow
• Cycling of nutrients ( Biogeochemical cycles)
• Primary and secondary production
• Ecosystem development and regulation.

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