What is efflorescence?Give an example.
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In chemistry, efflorescence (which means "to flower out" in French) is the migration of a salt to the surface of a porous material, where it forms a coating. The essential process involves the dissolving of an internally held salt in water, or occasionally in another solvent.
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EFFLORESCENCE is the property of SOME SALTS to LOSE WHOLLY, OR PARTLY their WATER OF CRYSTALLISATION when their crystals are EXPOSED to DRY AIR even for a short time. They become POWDERY.
EXAMPLES:
- WASHING SODA [hydrated sodium carbonate] when exposed to dry air, becomes a monohydrate.
- GLAUBER'S SALT [hydrated sodium sulphate] becomes a powdery anhydrous sodium sulphate when exposed to air.
- EPSOM SALT [magnesium sulphate heptahydrate] when exposed to dry air, becomes a monohydrate.
"NOTE: The higher the temperature of the air, the higher the efflorescence. This is because the air absorbs more water with rising temperature and decreasing moisture."
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