what is electonegativity?write the factors affecting it with it's application.
Answers
Answer:
Electronegativity, symbol χ, measures the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons (or electron density). An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus.
Explanation:
Answer:
The tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity.
factor affecting electronegativity
Charge Environment
Atoms vary in electronegativity, and bonds vary according to atom electronegativity. The electronegativity of an atom depends upon its charge environment. That environment depends primarily on three things: The distance between charges, the total charge, and the shielding effects.
Distance Effect and Attraction
Positive and negative charges exert attractive force on each other that varies as the square of the distance between them. If an electron and a proton are doubled in distance from each other, the attraction decreases by a factor of four. If they are quadrupled in distance from each other, the attraction diminishes to one-sixteenth what it was.
Elements: Total Charge
Elements differ in the number of protons in their nuclei. Hydrogen has 1, helium 2, lithium 3, oxygen 8, bromine 35 and gold 79. It might seem that this should be the primary determinant of electronegativity, but it’s not.
To illustrate: Fluorine has a mere 9 protons, while sodium has 11. Yet sodium has a very low electronegativity, while fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all the elements. The greater the number of its protons, the larger the nucleus is and the larger the atom is.
Increasing atomic size gradually decreases electronegativit.
Explanation: