Question

What is electric potential ??​

Answer 1

Electric Potential

When a small positive test charge is placed in the electric field due to another charge, it experiences a force. So, work has to be done on the positive test charge to move it against this force of repulsion. The electric potential (or potential) at a point in an electric field is defined as the work done in moving a mit positive charge from infinity to that point.

Potential is denoted by the symbol V and its unit is volt A potential of 1 volt at a point means that 1 joule of work is done in moving 1 unit positive charge from infinity to that point. Since the unit of charge is coulomb, so we can also say that : A potential of I volt at a point means that 1 joule of work is done in moving 1 coulomb of positive charge from infinity to that point. A more common term used in electricity is, however, potential difference which we will discuss now.

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Answer 2

Answer :-

$\star$ What is electric potential ?

>> Answer :-

Electric potential is the work done per unit charge in bringing the charge from infinity to that point against electrostatic force. In a conductor, electrons flow only when there is a difference in electric pressure at its ends. This is also called potential difference.

>> Formula :

V = Electric potential

k = Coulomb constant

q = Charge

r = Distance of separations

Now, the formula for electric potential is :-

$V = k \frac{q}{r}$

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$\star$ What is electric potential energy ?

>> Answer :-

The electric potential energy of any given charge or system of changes is termed as the total work done by an external agent in bringing the charge or the system of charges from infinity to the present configuration without undergoing any acceleration.

>> Definition :

Electric potential energy is defined as the total potential energy a unit charge will possess if located at any point in the outer space.

$\star$ Some important informations :-

Denoted by : V, ∆V, U, ∆U

Dimension : ML2T-3A-1

General Formula : Voltage = Energy/Charge

SI Unit : Volt

There are two key elements on which the electric potential energy of an object depends. :-

• It’s own electric charge.
• It’s relative position with other electrically charged objects.

>> Electric Potential Energy Formula :

A charge placed in an electric field possesses potential energy and is measured by the work done in moving the charge from infinity to that point against the electric field. If two charges q1 and q2 are separated by a distance d, the electric potential energy of the system is;

$</strong><strong>\</strong><strong>b</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>x</strong><strong>e</strong><strong>d</strong><strong>{</strong><strong>U</strong><strong> = \frac{1}{(4πεo)} × [ \frac{q_1q_2}{d} ]</strong><strong>}</strong><strong>$

If two like charges (two protons or two electrons) are brought towards each other, the potential energy of the system increases. If two unlike charges i.e. a proton and an electron are brought towards each other, the electric potential energy of the system decreases.

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