Question

What is electromagnetic spectrum? Write briefly about its parts.
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Answer 1

$\red{\textbf{Answer}}$.

$\blue{\textbf{Electromagnetic spectrum}}$:-

The orderly distribution of em. waves according to their $\textbf{wavelengths}$ is called electromagnetic spectrum.

It consists e.m. waves having $\textbf{wavelength}$ from ,

$6 \times {10}^{ - 14} m \: to \: 6 \times {10}^{6} m$

or ,

$\blue{\texttt{frequency from}}$ ,

$50 \: hz \: to \: {10}^{22}$

The main parts of this spectrum are as follow :-

(i)$\gamma - rays$

These rays are highly $\textbf{energetic radiations}$ produced in nuclear reactions and also emitted by the radioactive nuclei and have

$\blue{\texttt{frequency range from ,</p><p></p><p>}}$

$3 \times {10}^{19}hz \: to \: 5 \times {10}^{22}hz$

(ii) $\red{\textbf{X-rays}}$ : -

The X-rays are produced when highly $\textbf{energetic electrons}$ are bombarded on a metal target having atomic number . These rays were $\textbf{discovered}$ by $\red{\textbf{W .Rontgen}}$ and $\blue{\texttt{have frequency range from,}}$,

${10}^{16} \: hz \: to \: {10}^{19} \: hz$

(iii) $\red{\textbf{Ultra-violet rays}}$. :-

The ultraviolet rays are part of the solar radiations and can also be produced by $\textbf{discharge through mercury}$ (or xenon) and by arcs of mercury (or iron) .These rays were $\textbf{discovered}$ by $\red{\textbf{Ritter}}$ and have $\blue{\texttt{frequency range from ,}}$

$8 \times {10}^{14} \: to \: 5 \times {10}^{17} \: hz$

Most of the ultraviolet light coming from the sun is absorbed by the ozone layer .

(iv) $\red{\textbf{Visible light}}$. : -

These rays form a part of $\textbf{solar radiations}$ and can also be produced by atomic excitations, molecular excitations and arc flame. The $\blue{\texttt{frequency of visible radiations}}$ is from ,

$4 \times {10}^{14} hz \: to \: 8 \times {10}^{14} \: hz$

(v)$\red{\textbf{Infra-red radiations}}$: -

The infra-red radiations are also called $\textbf{t}$heat (or thermal) radiations emitted by all hot bodies. The Nernst lamp, Globar (Silicon carbide rod) and Co2-laser are used in laboratories to produce$\textbf{ I. R. radiations}$. These radiations were discovered by $\red{\textbf{Hershall}}$ and $\blue{\texttt{frequency range from}}$,

${10}^{13 \: } hz \: to \: 4 \times {10}^{4} \: hz$

Infrared tadiations play an important role in maintaining earth's warmth through '$\textbf{greenhouse effect}$'.

(vi) $\red{\textbf{Microwaves}}$ :-

Microwaves are produced by $\textbf{special vacuum tubes}$ such as klystron, magnetrons and Gunn diodes. These wave have

$\blue{\texttt{frequency range from}}$,

$3 \times {10}^{11} \: hz \: to \: {10}^{13} hz$

Due to their short wavelength, they are suitable for the $\textbf{RADAR }$and other communication systems}.

(vii)$\red{\textbf{Radio waves}}$. : -

The radio waves are produced by $\textbf{electronic oscillators}$, are used in radio broadcasting, T. V, transmission, mobile phones, etc. These waves have $\blue{\texttt{frequency range from}}$:-

$3 \times {10}^{4} \: hz \: to \: 3 \times {10}^{8} \: hz$

Answer 2

ANSWER :

The entire electromagnetic spectrum, from the lowest to the highest frequency (longest to shortest wavelength), includes all radio waves (e.g., commercial radio and television, microwaves, radar), infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.

The EM spectrum is generally divided into seven regions, in order of decreasing wavelength and increasing energy and frequency. The common designations are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared (IR), visible light, ultraviolet (UV), X-rays and gamma rays.