what is equality? describe the various kinds of equality.
Answers
Answer:
. Equality: Meaning:
(1) Equality does not mean absolute equality:
In common usage equality is taken to mean full equality of treatment and reward for all. It is demanded as natural equality. It is said that all men are born natural and free. However, despite a strong emotional appeal to our hearts, the notion of natural and absolute equality of all cannot be fully accepted and realised. Men are neither equal in respect of their physical features nor in respect of their mental abilities. Some are stronger others weaker and some are more intelligent and capable than others.
Their capacities and abilities are different. As such equality of treatment and rewards cannot be ensured. Rewards must depend upon the actual abilities and work of various people. Hence equality does not mean absolute and total equality.
Equality really means equal opportunities for development. In fact, when we talk of equality of all men we really mean general and fair equality and not absolute equality. We really talk of a fair distribution of opportunities reward and not equal reward for all.
(2) Equality means absence of all unnatural and unjust inequalities:
In society there are present two types of inequalities:
(1) Natural inequalities, and
(2) Man-made unnatural inequalities.
The former means natural differences among human beings. These have to be accepted by all. The man-made inequalities are those which are there because of some social conditions and discriminations. These are of the nature of socioeconomic inequalities resulting from the operation of social system. The discriminations practiced and inequalities maintained in the name of caste, colour, creed, religion, sex, place of birth and the like are all unnatural man- made inequalities. Equality means end of all such inequalities and discriminations.
Equality: Definitions:“The Right to Equality proper is a right of equal satisfaction of basic human needs, including the need to develop and use capacities which are specifically human.” -D.D Raphall
“Equality means that no man shall be so placed in society that he can over-reach his neighbour to the extent which constitutes a denial of latter’s citizenship.” -Laski
“Equality means equal rights for all the people and the abolition of all special rights and privileges”. -Barker
Thus, negatively equality implies abolition of all special privileges and facilities which may be available to some classes or some persons in society. It also stands for the abolition of all man-made inequalities and discriminations. Positively Equality stands for equal rights, equitable distribution of resources , equal opportunities for development and relative equality with due recognition of merit, abilities and capacities of various persons.II. Equality: Features:
1. Equality does not stand for absolute equality. It accepts the presence of some natural inequalities.
2. Equality stands for absence of all unnatural man- made inequalities and specially privileged classes in the society.
3. Equality postulates the grant and guarantee of equal rights and freedoms to all the people.
4. Equality implies the system of equal and adequate opportunities for all the people in society.
5. Equality means equal satisfaction of basic needs of all the persons before the special needs’, and luxuries of some persons may be met.
6. Equality advocates an equitable and fair distribution of wealth and resources i.e. Minimum possible gap between the rich and poor.
7. Equality accepts the principle of protective discrimination for helping the weaker sections of society. In the Indian political system, right to equality has been given to all and yet there stands incorporated provisions for granting special protection facilities and reservations to persons belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes Other Backward Classes, minorities, women, and children.
Answer:
Equality:
- All members of a society must be treated equally in order for there to be social equality.
- This may include having access to civil rights, freedom of speech, autonomy, and certain public goods and social services.
- The definition of equality is the state of being equal or the same in terms of quality, measure, respect, or value.
- Equality of the sexes is demonstrated when men and women are both seen as equally intelligent and capable.
Various Kinds of equality:
- Natural Equality - Natural equality is the shared attribute that all men share entirely as a result of their innate makeup.
- The fundamental idea and cornerstone of liberty is equality. Since all men are born, develop, live, and die in the same manner, natural or moral equality is founded on this shared human nature.
- Social Equality - All members of a society must be treated equally in order for there to be social equality.
- This may include having access to civil rights, freedom of speech, autonomy, and certain public goods and social services.
- Civil Equality - Civil equality is the concept that all members of a society are treated equally in terms of their civil rights, their freedom of speech, and their access to various social goods and services.
- This implies that everyone is treated equally by law and order, regardless of their identity.
- Political Equality - Political equality is the degree to which all citizens have an equal say in how their governments are run.
- Equal consideration of the preferences and interests of all citizens is one of the fundamental tenets of a democracy.
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