Question

What is evolution. Explain its types.
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Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Evolution is the gradual change occurring in living organisms over a long duration. The evidences (types) of evolution are: 1.morphological evidences 2. Anatomical evidences 3.vestigial evidences 3.palaentological evidences 4.connecting links 6.embryological evidences.

Answer 2

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Evolution:

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

 These characteristics are the expressions of genes that are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction.

Different characteristics tend to exist within any given population as a result of mutation, genetic recombination and other sources of genetic variation.

Evolution occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection (including sexual selection) and genetic drift act on this variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more common or rare within a population.

It is this process of evolution that has given rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organismsand molecules.

The scientific theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century and was set out in detail in Darwin's book On the Origin of Species(1859).

 Evolution by natural selection was first demonstrated by the observation that more offspring are often produced than can possibly survive.

This is followed by three observable facts about living organisms:

1) traits vary among individuals with respect to their morphology, physiology and behaviour (phenotypic variation),

2) different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction(differential fitness) and

3) traits can be passed from generation to generation (heritability of fitness).

Thus, in successive generations members of a population are more likely to be replaced by the progenies of parents with favourable characteristics that have enabled them to survive and reproduce in their respective environments. In the early 20th century, other competing ideas of evolution such as mutationism and orthogenesis were refuted as the modern synthesis reconciled Darwinian evolutionwith classical genetics, which established adaptive evolution as being caused by natural selection acting on Mendelian genetic variation.

All life on Earth shares a last universal common ancestor (LUCA)that lived approximately 3.5–3.8 billion years ago.

The fossil recordincludes a progression from early biogenicgraphite,to microbial mat fossils,to fossilised multicellular organisms.

Existing patterns of biodiversity have been shaped by repeated formations of new species (speciation), changes within species (anagenesis) and loss of species (extinction) throughout the evolutionary history of lifeon Earth.

Morphological and biochemical traits are more similar among species that share a more recent common ancestor, and can be used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees.

Evolutionary biologists have continued to study various aspects of evolution by forming and testing hypotheses as well as constructing theories based on evidence from the field or laboratory and on data generated by the methods of mathematical and theoretical biology. Their discoveries have influenced not just the development of biology but numerous other scientific and industrial fields, including agriculture, medicine and computer science.