What is excretion? How is urine formed in the human being ?
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The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. There are three main steps of urine formation: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. These processes ensure that only waste and excess water are removed from the body.
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Excretion
- Excretion is the process of removing nitrogenous waste produced by the metabolic activities of cells. Urea is the most common nitrogenous waste in humans. Uric acid and creatinine are also excreted during the excretion process.
Formation of urine in human beings:
- The kidneys filter undesirable substances from the blood and expel them through urine. These procedures ensure that the body's waste and surplus water are eliminated.
- Urine forms in 3 stages:-
- Glomerular filtration:- Water, minerals, ions, and solutes permeate from the blood and enter the Bowman's capsule, producing a filtrate.
- Reabsorption:- The required chemicals in the filtrate, including water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and mineral ions, are reabsorbed by the nephron tubules. The Henle loop controls water absorption.
- Secretion:- The tubules secrete K+, H+, creatinine, and excess water into the filtrate. Urine is the name given to such a filtrate.
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