What is fatty acid........
Answers
A fatty acid is carboxylic acid ( -COOH group ).
It may be either saturated or unsaturated.
Saturated fatty acids
they esterify with glycerol to form hard fats and are solid at room temperature and are usually obtained from animals.
Unsaturated fatty acids
they esterify with glycerol to form oils they are usually obtained from plants and are liquids at room temperature.
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In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are usually not found in organisms, but instead as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and they are important structural components for cells.
The concept of fatty acid (acide gras) was introduced by Michel Eugène Chevreul,though he initially used some variant terms: graisse acide and acide huileux ("acid fat" and "oily acid").
Types of fatty acids
Comparison of the trans isomer Elaidic acid (top) and the cis isomer oleic acid (bottom).
Length of fatty acids
Fatty acids differ by length, often categorized as short to very long.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of five or fewer carbons (e.g. butyric acid).
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 6 to 12 carbons, which can form medium-chain triglycerides.
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 13 to 21 carbons.
Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 22 or more carbons.
Saturated fatty acids
Main article: Saturated fat
For a more comprehensive list, see List of saturated fatty acids.
Saturated fatty acids have no C=C double bonds. They have the same formula CH3(CH2)nCOOH, with variations in "n". An important saturated fatty acid is stearic acid (n = 16), which when neutralized with lye is the most common form of soap.
Arachidic acid, a saturated fatty acid.
Examples of saturated fatty acids
Common name Chemical structure C:D
Caprylic acid CH3(CH2)6COOH 8:0
Capric acid CH3(CH2)8COOH 10:0
Lauric acid CH3(CH2)10COOH 12:0
Myristic acid CH3(CH2)12COOH 14:0
Palmitic acid CH3(CH2)14COOH 16:0
Stearic acid CH3(CH2)16COOH 18:0
Arachidic acid CH3(CH2)18COOH 20:0
Behenic acid CH3(CH2)20COOH 22:0
Lignoceric acid CH3(CH2)22COOH 24:0
Cerotic acid CH3(CH2)24COOH 26:0
Unsaturated fatty acids Edit
Main article: Unsaturated fat
Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more C=C double bonds. The C=C double bonds can give either cis or trans isomers.
cis
A cis configuration means that the two hydrogen atoms adjacent to the double bond stick out on the same side of the chain. The rigidity of the double bond freezes its conformation and, in the case of the cis isomer, causes the chain to bend and restricts the conformational freedom of the fatty acid. The more double bonds the chain has in the cis configuration, the less flexibility it has.
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Saturated fatty acids
they esterify with glycerol to form hard fats and are solid at room temperature and are usually obtained from animals.
Unsaturated fatty acids
they esterify with glycerol to form oils they are usually obtained from plants and are liquids at room temperature.