Question

What is fertilization ?
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Answer 1

Answer:

The fusion of male and female gametes is known as fertilization.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

☆Fertilization

“Fertilization in humans refers to the fusion of male and female gametes that facilitates the development of a new organism.”

Explanation:

◉LET'S EXPLORE MORE

✯Fertilization - Internal And External Fertilization

☆Internal Fertilization

• In sexual reproduction, the male inserts the sperms into the female reproductive tract to fuse with the egg. If the fusion takes place within the female parent, it is called internal fertilization. In humans, most of the animals like cats, lions, pigs, dogs, hens, etc., the fusion of gametes takes place internally. In this type, a zygote is formed within the mother and gets its nourishment from her.

☆External Fertilization

• When the fusion of sperm and egg takes place outside the female parent, it is called external fertilization. Only a minority of organisms exhibit this type of gamete fusion. For example, fish, frogs, etc. Here the female parent deposits her eggs in a place and later, the male parent ejects his sperms over them, then fusion takes place.

• Gametes that fuse externally have to face many challenges. Since eggs and sperms are deposited in the external environment, the chances of fusion are very less. Predators may eat eggs and the zygote that is formed. To compensate for this loss, organisms like fish and frogs lay hundreds of eggs at a time

✯Fertilization in Plants

✯What is Fertilization?

In plants, fertilization is a process of sexual reproduction, which occurs after pollination and germination.

✯Fertilization Process

In flowers, the pollen grain germinates after the pollination of the carpel and grows into the style by creating the pathway for the pollen grain to move down to the ovary.

The pollen tube opens into the ovule through the micropyle and bursts into the embryo sac. Here, the male nucleus unites with the nucleus of an egg inside the ovule forming a diploid zygote, which later swells up and develops into a fruit.

✯Types of Fertilization

Fertilization process can be grouped into three types and are classified mainly based on the entry of the pollen tube into the ovule.

☆Porogamy

It is the common type of fertilization carried out in all angiosperms or flowering plants. In this type of fertilization, the pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle.

☆Chalazogamy

• This type of fertilization is carried out on all Casuarina species of plants. In this condition, the pollen tube enters the ovule through the pollen tube.

☆Mesogamy

• This type of fertilization is seen in all Cucurbit plants, such as pumpkin, ridge gourds, bitter gourd and other gourd plants. In this type of fertilization, the pollen tube enters the ovule through its middle part or through the integuments of the ovule.