Question

what is forward genetics and reverse genetics

Answer 1

understand the function of a gene by analyzing the phenotypic effects of specific engineered gene sequences.
Reverse genetics usually proceeds in the opposite direction of so-called forward genetic screens of classical genetics. In other words, while forward genetics seeks to find the genetic basis of a phenotype or trait, reverse genetics seeks to find what phenotypes arise as a result of particular genetic sequences.
Automated DNA sequencing generates large volumes of genomic sequence data relatively rapidly. Many genetic sequences are discovered in advance of other, less easily obtained, biological information. Reverse genetics attempts to connect a given genetic sequence with specific effects on the organism.

Answer 2

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Definition. Forward genetics is the examination of the genetic cause of an altered or abnormal phenotype introduced by a chemical mutagenesis or mutation by irradiation (e.g., phenotype → genotype). In reverse genetics, a particular gene is altered and the phenotype is investigated (e.g., genotype → phenotype).