Question

what is gene therapy? illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (Ada) deficiency

Answer 1

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Gene therapy is a technique for correcting a defective gene through gene manipulation. It involves the delivery of a normal gene into the individual to replace the defective gene, for example, the introduction of gene for adenosine deaminase (ADA) in ADA deficient individual. The adenosine deaminase enzyme is important for the normal functioning of the immune system. The individual suffering from this disorder can be cured by transplantation of bone marrow cells. The first step involves the extraction of lymphocyte from the patient’s bone marrow. Then, a functional gene for ADA is introduced into lymphocytes with the help of retrovirus. These treated lymphocytes containing ADA gene are then introduced into the patient’s bone marrow. Thus, the gene gets activated producing functional T- lymphocytes and activating the patient’s immune system.

Answer 2

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Gene Therapy:

==> Gene therapy is a technique which involves the replacement of defective genes with healthy once in order to treat genetic genetic disorder.

==> It is a artificial method that introduces DNA into the cells of human body.

==> The first gene therapy was successfully accomplished in the 1989.

Types of Gene therapy:

1). Somatic Gene Therapy:-

==> This is related to single person and the only person who has the damaged cells will be replaced with healthy cells.

==> This technique is the best and safest method of Gene Therapy.

2). Germline Gene Therapy:-

==> This method is adopted to treat the genetic, diseases causing-variation of genes which are passed from the parent to their children.

==> Germline Gene Therapy is not legal in many places as the risks outweigh the rewards.

Applications of Gene Therapy:

==> It is used in replacement of genes that cause medical ill-health.

==> The method generally destroys the problem causing genes.

==> It helps the body to fight against diseases by adding genes to the human body.

==> This method is employed to treat diseases such as cancer, ADA deficiancy, etc.

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