What is grafting . What are advantages of grafting?
Answers
Answer:
Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together. The upper part of the combined plant is called the scion while the lower part is called the rootstock.
Despite being labor intensive, grafting is commonly undertaken as a means of vegetative propagation of woody plants for any or all of the following reasons: (1) to impart disease resistance or hardiness, contributed by the rootstock; (2) to shorten the time taken to first production of flowers or fruits by the scion, in some cases by many years; (3) to dwarf the scion, making both its height and shape more convenient for harvesting fruit, as with apples; (4) to allow scion cultivars to retain their desirable leaf, floral, or fruit characters, without the risk of these being lost through sexual reproduction; and (5) to provide the most economic use of scion material, in cases where there is some difficulty with stem cuttings producing roots.
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What is tissue grafting?
This is based on HLA (Human Leucocyte antigen) complex or MHC (Major Histocompatibilty Complex). Tissue typing is done before tissue grafting. Most of genes of this antigen is present on sixth chromosomes. Cyclosporin-A drug is used as a immunosuppresant drug during tissue grafting.
Type of Tissue Grafting:-
(1) Autograft:- It is the most successful method. According to this method ransplantation into another body part of an individual from a body is done.
(2) Isograf:- Transplantation of tissue in between the individual of same genetic constitution. Examples:- Identical twins/monozygotic twins
(3) Homo or Allograft:- Tissue grafting in between the genetically dissimilar individual of the same species. e.g. Family members (intra species graft).
(4) Hetero or Xenograft:- Tissue grafting in . between organism of different species.