Question

what is haber process?​

Answer 1

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• The Haber process,also called the Haber–Bosch process, is an artificial nitrogen fixation process and is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia today.It is named after its inventors, the German chemists Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, who developed it in the first decade of the 20th century. The process converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H2) using a metal catalyst under high temperatures and pressures:

Answer 2

Answer:

The Haber process provides a good case study to illustrate how industrial chemists use their knowledge of the factors that affect chemical equilibria to find the best conditions needed to produce a good yield of products at a reasonable rate.

In the Haber process, “the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted to ammonia (NH3) by reacting it with hydrogen (H2)”. Here a metal catalyst is used and high temperatures and pressures are maintained.

The raw materials for the process are

Air, which supplies the nitrogen.

Natural gas and water which supply the hydrogen and the energy needed to heat the reactants.

Iron which is the catalyst and does not get used up.

Let us take a look at the diagram above

• As per the diagram, in the Haber process, we take nitrogen gas from the air and combine it with hydrogen atom obtained from natural gas in the ratio 1:3 by volume.

• The gases are passed through four beds of catalyst, with cooling takes place in each pass. This is done to maintain equilibrium constant.

• While different levels of conversion occur in each pass where unreacted gases are recycled.

• Normally an iron catalyst is used in the process, and the whole procedure is conducted by maintaining a temperature of around 400 – 450oC and a pressure of 150 – 200 atm.

• The process also involves steps like shift conversion, carbon dioxide removal, steam reforming, and methanation.

• In the final stage of the process, the ammonia gas is cooled down to form a liquid solution which is then collected and stored in storage containers.