Question

What is human development index? Who has prepared it? Write about basic components of humandevelopment measurement.

Answer 1

Answer:

The Human Development Index (HDI)

The Human Development Index is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, with help from Gustav Ranis of Yale University and Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics,

The HDI is a composite statistic calculated from the:

1. Life expectancy index
2. Education index
3. Mean years of schooling index
4. Expected years of schooling index Income index
5. Countries are ranked based on their score and split into categories that suggest how well developed they are.

Infant mortality rate

Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

literacy rates

The rate, or percentage, of people who are able to read is a useful indicator of the state of education within a country.

High female literacy rates generally correspond with an increase in the knowledge of contraception and a falling birth rate.

Life expectancy

This simple statistic can be used as an indicator of the:

healthcare quality in a country or province

level of sanitation

provision of care for the elderly

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Answer 2

Answer:

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Explanation:

Human development index is the cumulative measurement of the overall development of the people of a country. It was prepared by United Nation Development Organization and it is published by UNDP.The basic components of human development index are as follow:

a. Life expectancy at birth- It denotes average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth. It is measured in terms of life expectancy in years.

b. Literacy- It is measured by gross enrolment ratio for three levels means enrolment ratio forprimary school, secondary school and higher education beyond secondary school. Per capita income- It is calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be compared. It is also done in a way so that every dollar would buy the same amount of goods and services in any country.