Question

What is hybridization and there types? ​

Answer 1

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• Hybridization is a concept used in organic chemistry to explain the chemical bonding in cases where the valence bond theory does not provide satisfactory clarification. This theory is especially useful to explain the covalent bonds in organic molecules.

• The following are the types of hybridisation:

1) sp – Hybridisation

In such hybridisation one s- and one p-orbital are mixed to form two sp – hybrid orbitals, having a linear structure with bond angle 180 degrees. For example in the formation of BeCl₂, first be atom comes in excited state 2s¹2p¹, then hybridized to form two sp – hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals overlap with the two p-orbitals of two chlorine atoms to form BeCl₂.

2) sp² – Hybridisation

In such hybridisation one s- and to p-orbitals are mixed form three sp²– hybrid orbitals, having a planar triangular structure with bond angle 120 degrees.

3) sp³ – Hybridisation

In such hybridisation one s- and three p-orbitals are mixed to form four sp³– hybrid orbitals having a tetrahedral structure with bond angle 109 degrees 28′, that is, 109.5 degrees.

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