Question

What is hydrogen bond? Explain the types of Hydrogen Bonds with example.


Should be equal to a 4 marks question in state board!

Answer 1

Hydrogen bond :
It's the weak electrostatic force of attraction between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom of a molecule and high electronegative atom of the same or different molecules
The energy of the hydrogen bond is relatively less than energy of the covalent bond and months stronger than Vanderwall forces. it is denoted by dotted lines
types of hydrogen bonds:
1) Intermolecular hydrogen bond:
Hydrogen bond formed between two different polar molecules ( of same or different substances) is known as intermolecular hydrogen bond
Example: HF , H20, NH3 etc
2) Intramolecular hydrogen bond:
hydrogen bond formed between hydrogen atom of a molecule and highly electronegative atoms of the same molecule is known as intramolecular hydrogen bond.
Example: salicylaldehyde, Ortho nitrophenol, Ortho nitro aniline, ortho fluorophenol, salicylic acid
Conditions for hydrogen bonding :
there are two conditions for effective hydrogen bonding
1) the electronegative atom attached to the hydrogen should be of small size
Ex:all the chlorine have the same electronegativity of Nitrogen NH3 has hydrogen bonds while HCL does not have. this is because of the smaller size of Nitrogen atom compared to chlorine atom
2) the electronegativity of the atom to which the hydrogen atom is attached should be high
Ex: F, N, O
hope this help you mate.......

Answer 2

$\textbf{Answer is in Attachment !}$