What is hypothesis? What are two types of hypothesis? Explain with example.
Answers
DEFNITIONS: • Hypothesis is considered as an intelligent guess or prediction, that gives directional to the researcher to answer the research question. • Hypothesis or Hypotheses are defined as the formal statement of the tentative or expected prediction or explanation of the relationship between two or more variables in a specified population
●A hypothesis is a formal tentative statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables under study. • • A hypothesis helps to translate the research problem and objective into a clear explanation or prediction of the expected results or outcomes of the study.
●CONTRIBUTIONS OF HYPOTHESIS It provides clarity to the research problem and research objectives. • It describes, explains or predicts the expected results or outcome of the research. • It indicates the type of research design. • It directs the research study process. It identifies the population of the research study that is to be investigated or examined. It facilitates data collection, data analysis and data interpretation
● FUNCTIONS • It enables an investigator to start his research work. • It may lead to formulations of another hypothesis. • It leads to interpret results drawing conclusions related to original purpose.
●TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS • Simple • Complex • Empirical • Null • Alternative • Logical • statistical
●SIMPLE HYPOTHESIS • Simple hypothesis is that one in which there exits relationship between two variables one is called independent variable or cause and the other is dependent variable or effect. • Ex. Smoking leads to cancer • The higher ratio of unemployment leads to crimes.
● COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS • Complex hypothesis is that one in which as relationship among variables exists. • In this type dependent and independent variables are more than two • Ex. Smoking and other drugs leads to cancer, tension, chest infections etc. • The higher ration of unemployment poverty illiteracy leads to crimes like dacoit etc.
●EMPIRICAL HYPOTHESIS • Empirical which means it is based on evidence. • In scientific method the word "empirical" refers to the use of working hypothesis that can be tested using observation and experiment. • Empirical data is produced by experiment and observation.
● QUESTION FORM OF HYPOTHESIS • It Is the simplest form of empirical hypothesis. • In simple case of investigation and research are adequately implemented by resuming a question. • Ex. how is the ability of 9th class students in learning moral values?
●NULL HYPOTHESIS • Null the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error. • It is denoted by H0
● ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS • The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1 or Ha, • Is the hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by some non-random cause.
● STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS • A hypothesis which can be verified statistically called statistical hypothesis. • The statement would be logical or illogical but if statistic verifies it, it will be statistical hypothesis..
Answer:
A hypothesis is assumptions and ideas proposed for discussion purposes so that they can be tested to see if they are true.
Explanation:
- A hypothesis is an approximate statement based on a set of facts that can be tested by a particular further investigation. There are basically two types, the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.
- The null hypothesis is a typical statistical theory that suggests that there is no statistical relationship and significance for a particular set of observation variables between two sets of observational data and the measured phenomenon.
- The alternative hypothesis indicates that the population parameters are less than, greater than, or different from the hypothesis values of the null hypothesis. An alternative hypothesis is one that you believe to be true or want to be true.
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