Question

What is Indira Gandhis left turn and emergency explain !

Answer 1

In the latter part of the 1960's, the Congress was divided into two factions - the old guard faction called 'Syndicate'  and the more radical new grouping called 'The Young Turks'. The Young Turks supported Indira Gandhi's leadership and favoured Left oriented policies. This came in direct conflict with the more conservative orientation of the Syndicate. This internal power struggle between the Left and the Right within the Congress party was compounded by compulsions of international politics. During this time, the USA was favouring Pakistan in many Indo-Pakistan disputes and continued its military aid to Pakistan despite India's protests. The USSR, on the other hand, following its split with the Communist China, was becoming more and more of an ally for India. As a result, the Congress, under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, adopted an aggressive Leftist rhetoric. This was followed by several Left leaning policy decisions like the nationalisation of banks and cancellation of privy purses. This is often referred to as the 'Left turn' in Indian politics in general, and in Congress organisation in particular.

Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

Indira Gandhi charted a new path for the Congress and herself by introducing new policies and programmes.

This policy also helped her get control over the party organization.

The Congress went to elections using popular slogan garibi hatao in 1971.

It also promised radical restructuring of the system to benefit the poor and marginalized.

The Congress won and indira Gandhi popularity increased.

The opposition was decimated, her critics were silenced and she became darling of masses.

India's victory over Pakistan increased the popularity of indira Gandhi.

The Congress party won in legislative assembly.

Now, she had control over both the party as well as the parliament.

Important legislations that were passed to achieve the goal of social and economic transformations were the nationalism of many private banks and abolishing of princely pensions.

In 1973, the court came up with a landmark decision on the basic structure of the constitution, which put a check on the government power to amend the constitution.

Events beyond her control put indira Gandhi in a spot and made it difficult for her to fulfil all the promises.

In 1973, Arab-Israeli was raised the oil prices and put a huge pressure on the government. Inflation and the rise in the prices of essential items, scarcity of food and unemployment began to have an effect.

The oppositions ran a series of campaigns in different parts of country against Indira Gandhi and Congress.