Question

what is induced dipole.

Answer 1

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You may remember the planetary model of the atom, with the negative electrons orbiting the positive nucleus. If you look at the system in total, there’s no net charge, and no dipole moment, as the electron’s orbit is centered on the nucleus.

If we add an electric field, this pushes on the electrons and pulls on the nucleus, distorting the orbit. The electron becomes lopsided in the opposite direction of the field. This means than there is a distance between the center of the electron’s orbit (the average position of the electron) and the positive nucleus. This is the induced dipole moment.

Now, this isn’t technically accurate, as electrons don’t actually orbit. The orbitals are actually regions in space in which the electron has a probability to exist. But from a statistical point of few, these can just be considered as clouds of negative electric charge floating around the nucleus. Again, in the presence of an electric field, the negative cloud gets distorted, and creates a moment as there is now a moment arm between the center of the cloud and the nucleus.

Answer 2

Induced Dipole

Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces. A dipole-induced dipole attraction is a weak attraction that results when a polar molecule induces a dipole in an atom or in a non polar molecule by disturbing the arrangement of electrons in the non polar species.