Question

What is inductive effect

Answer 1

Answer:

•An inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of σ bonds within a molecule or ion.

•This is typically due to an electronegatvity difference between the atoms at either end of the bond.

•The more electronegative atom pulls the electrons in the bond towards itself creating some bond polarity for example the O-H and C-Cl bonds in the following examples:

δ- δ+

..

CH3-O-H

..

δ+ δ-

..

CH3-Cl:

..

•In a simple alkyl carbocation, the positive C attracts the electrons in the σ bonds connected to that center towards itself and therefore away from the atom at the other end of the σ bond.

•Electrons in C-C bonds are more readily polarised than those in a C-H bond.

•Therefore, alkyl groups are better at stabilising C+ than H atoms.

Answer 2

Answer:

In chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond. It is present in a σ bond, unlike the electromeric effect which is present in a π bond.

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