What is inductive effect??Explain with example.
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he inductive effect is the effect that charge of a chemical bond has on the orientation on the adjacent bonds in a molecule. The inductive effect is a distance-dependent phenomenon that produces a permanent state of polarization.
The electron-withdrawing inductive effect is sometimes written as "the -I Effect" in literature.
How It Works
The electron density of a σ bond is not uniform when atoms of two different elements participate in the bond. Electron clouds in a bond tend to orient themselves towards the more electronegative atom involved in the bond.
Inductive Effect Example
The inductive effect occurs in water molecules. The chemical bonds within a water molecule are more positively charged near the hydrogen atoms and more negatively charged near the oxygen atom. Thus, water molecules are polar. Note, however, the induced charge is weak and other factors can quickly overcome it. Also, the inductive effect is only active across short distances.
The electron-withdrawing inductive effect is sometimes written as "the -I Effect" in literature.
How It Works
The electron density of a σ bond is not uniform when atoms of two different elements participate in the bond. Electron clouds in a bond tend to orient themselves towards the more electronegative atom involved in the bond.
Inductive Effect Example
The inductive effect occurs in water molecules. The chemical bonds within a water molecule are more positively charged near the hydrogen atoms and more negatively charged near the oxygen atom. Thus, water molecules are polar. Note, however, the induced charge is weak and other factors can quickly overcome it. Also, the inductive effect is only active across short distances.
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