Question

what is inter relationship between adaption of organism and their surroundings

Answer 1

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Ecology is the study of the interaction of organisms in an area with their environment. This interaction constitutes an overall adaptation of the organisms to their environment which also includes the continuity of species. However, the availability of organisms in an area is dependent on the type of environment. Thus, the availability of specific species is indirectly dependent on the various factors like annual rainfall, average temperature conditions, the position of the earth with respect to the sun, etc. These factors give rise to the existence of biomes like grasslands, rainforests, deserts, etc. The climate in the specific biome further decides the species richness in that area.

An Organism is a contiguous living system that includes archaeon, animals, plants and fungus. Organisms are capable of some degree of response to homeostasis, growth, reproduction and stimuli. Organisms consisting of more than one cell is termed as multicellular organisms and organisms with the single cell are termed as unicellular organisms.

A group of cells is termed as a tissue. There are four basic types of tissues that are found in animals namely muscle tissue, connective tissue, epithelium and nerve tissue. Several types of tissue together form an organ. They perform a specific function. Some of the common characteristics of the cell include reproduction by cell division, response to internal and external stimuli, metabolism and cell contents.

aptation of organisms to the Environment.

All the organisms possess the ability to adapt to the environment through a process of biological variation. Adaptation may differ from among different species but they have the same objective for adaptation that is “adjustment to variation”. This results in the enhancement of ability and chance of survival. Behavior is one of the important aspects of adaptation. It includes the way they behave, the way they look and how they are built.

For instance, the animals living in the deserts. They retain moisture either through the food they consume or through burrow into the moist earth to absorb water into their bodies. Another example would be the cactus in the middle of desert draws nourishment from ground and air.

Population

The population is defined as “Group of individuals of any species that live in a distinct geographical area, interbreed and compete for similar resources. Population refers to a collection of humans in terms of sociology. For instance a population of females between the age 30 – 50 years in a specific city.

A local population is a population that occupies a very small area and smaller in size. Meta-population is a group of the closely related local population. Population ecology is a vital area of ecology which links ecology to the evolution and population genetics.

Population Attributes

Some of the attributes of the population are stated below:

Age Pyramid

The population is comprised of individuals of different ages at any given time. When the age distribution is plotted in terms of the graph that they are termed as age pyramid. The age pyramids of human population illustrate the age distribution of females and males in a combined diagram. The shape of the pyramids reflects the growth status of the population.

Death Rate

It is the rate of loss of individuals per unit time different environmental changes predation, competition and different environmental changes different environmental changes.

Birth Rate

It is the birth rate of new individuals per unit of population per unit time. For instance, if in a garden, there are 20 rose plants last year and through reproduction, 8 new plants are added, taking the current population to 28. The, birth rate = 8/20 = 0.4 offspring per rose per year.

Sex Ratio

The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population.

Population Density or Size

Population Density is nothing but a size of a population. It is defined as the number of individuals of a species per unit area.

Population Growth

A variation occurs in size of any population and this change depends on several factors namely pressure of predator, availability of food, weather, and competition. Change in population density occurs mainly due to Immigration, Natality, Emigration, and Mortality.