Question

what is ionic bond? List some properties​

Answer 1

Ionic Bond -

It is a chemical cond which is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another atom.

Such types of compounds are called Ionic Compounds.

$\star$ Formation of Ionic Bond:

→ The reaction between metals and non-metals.

We know that metals have the tendency to lose electrons

And non-metals have the tendency to gain electrons

So, when metals are reacted with non-metals, both of them tries to fill up their outermost shell by electrons transferring.

$\boxed{\blue{\rm{Properties\ of\ Ionic\ Bonds - }}}$

• They do not exist as discrete molecules but indeed they are aggregates of oppositely charged ions.
• They are very hard crystalline solid. (As because they have strong forces of attraction.)
• They have high melting and high boiling point as more energy is required to break the intermolecular force of attraction.
• They are soluble ins water(i.e polar solvent) and are insoluble in non-polar solvents like kerosene, ether, petrol, etc.
• They can conduct electricity either in molten state or in aqueous solution(aq). They can not conduct electricity in solid-state as the ions are not free.

Here we can take an example of -

Metal - Sodium

Electronic configuration (follows↓)

K = 2 ; L = 8 ; M = 1

Here, for Sodium, it would be easier to lose 1 electron from the outermost shell(M). Gaining 7 electrons requires much energy.

∴ Sodium had a tendency to lo lose one electron to have completely filled valence in the outermost shell.

Now,

Non-Metal - Chlorine

Electronic configuration (follows↓)

K = 2 ; L = 8 ; M = 7

Here, for Chlorine, it would be easier to gain one electron in its outermost M shell instead of lossing7 electrons.

∴ Chlorine has the tendency to gain one electron to complete its outermost shell(M).

$\implies$ We will react to Sodium metal with Chlorine (non-metal)

One electron will be lost by Sodium ($\bf Na^{+}$), and one electron is gained by Chlorine ($\bf Cl^{-}$).

As they both have different(i.e opposite) charge they attract each other.

They get together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction to exist as NaCl.

∵ An Ionic Bond is formed between them.

$Na \longrightarrow Na^{+}\ \ \ +e^{-}$

$Cl+e^{-} \rightarrow Cl^{-}$

$\boxed{\red{Na + Cl \rightarrow NaCL}}$

Another example -

$Mg \rightarrow Mg^{2+}\ \ \ + 2e^{-}$

$And\ Cl+e^{-} \rightarrow Cl^{-}$

$\boxed{\green{Mg+2Cl \rightarrow MgCl_{2}}}$

Answer 2

$\pink{\huge{\underline{\underline{♡Ionic\:compounds!!!!}}}}$

an Ionic compound is a chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding

$\blue{\bold{\underline{\underline{Properties!!!!}}}}$

Ionic Compounds have high boiling and melting points as they're very strong and require a lot of energy to break. 

The electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions lead to the formation of ions. Ionic compounds form crystals.

They do not exist as discrete molecules but indeed they are aggregates of oppositely charged ions.

They are very hard crystalline solid. (As because they have strong forces of attraction.)

They have high melting and high boiling point as more energy is required to break the intermolecular force of attraction.

They are soluble ins water(i.e polar solvent) and are insoluble in non-polar solvents like kerosene, ether, petrol, etc.

They can conduct electricity either in molten state or in aqueous solution(aq). They can not conduct electricity in solid-state as the ions are not free.