What is ionic product constant of water? Give its value change if an acid, base or a salt is dissolved in water?
Answers
Depending on the acid–base properties of its component ions, however, a salt can dissolve in water to produce a neutral solution, a basic solution, or an acidic solution. When a salt such as \(NaCl\) dissolves in water, it produces \(Na^+_{(aq)}\) and \(Cl^−_{(aq)}\) ions
Pure water is a very weak electrolyte and ionises according to the equation
H2O ↔ H+ + OH-
Applying law of mass action at equilibrium, the value of dissociation constant, K comes to
K = [H+] [OH-
]/[H2O]
or [H+][OH-
] = K[H20]
Since dissociation takes place to a very small extent, the concentration of undissociated
water molecules, [H20], may be regarded as constant. Thus, the product #[H20] gives
another constant which is designated as Kw. So,
[H+][OH-] = Kw
The constant, Kw, is termed as ionic product of water.
The product of concentrations of H1 and OH ions in water at a particular temperature is
known as ionic product of water. The value of Kw increases with the increase of
temperature, i.e., the concentration of H+ and OH- ions increases with increase in
temperature.
The value of Kw at 25°C is 1 x 10-14. Since pure water is neutral in nature, H+ ion
concentration must be equal to OH- ion concentration.
When an acid or a base is added to water, the ionic concentration product, [H+][OH-],
remains constant, i.e., equal to Kw but concentrations of H+ and OH- ions do not remain
equal. The addition of acid increases the hydrogen ion concentration while that of hydroxyl
ion concentration decreases, i.e.,..
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