Question

What is konw as octact rule

Answer 1

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The octet rule is a chemical ruleof thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electron configuration as a noble gas.

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Answer 2

Quite simply said, the octet rule for atomic stability says that if an atom has 8 electrons (thus, the word octet) in its valence (i.e. outermost) shell (i.e. orbit) , then it is stable.

This has widespread significance w.r.t. bonding, molecularity etc.

There is one exception; the duet rule. If the valence shell of an atom is the K-shell i.e. the first atomic shell/orbit, then the referred orbit requires just two electrons to attain stability. Hint: H2 molecule, He atom, Li+ cation, Be2+ cation etc.

Compounds tend to be stable when atoms are isoelectronic with noble gases, which usually means 8 valence electrons. 8 valence electrons = an octet of valence electrons.