What is lantanoid contraction...?? Write the general oxidation state of actinoids......
Answers
Explanation:
The 14 elements (numbers 58 to 71) of the lanthanide series are also known as the rare earth elements. Most lanthanides are formed when uranium and plutonium undergo nuclear reactions. Atomic bombs charged with plutonium (actinoid) were used in World War II. Plutonium was a power source for Voyager spacecrafts launched in 1977 and is also used in artificial heart pacemakers.
The f sublevel contains seven orbitals, each of which will hold two electrons. Therefore, it is possible to place 14 electrons in the 4f sublevel. Generally speaking, the lanthanides have electron configurations that follow the Aufbau rule, and the 4f sublevel is filled as atomic number increases from cerium (Ce) to lutetium (Lu). However, there are three lanthanide metals that have properties similar to the d block: cerium (Ce), lutetium (Lu), and gadolinium (Gd). All of these metals contain a d electron in their electron configuration.
A similar overall trend holds for the 14 elements in the actinide series (numbers 90 to 103): from thorium (Th) to Lawrencium (Lr), the 5f sublevel is progressively filled.
All the lanthanide elements exhibit the oxidation state +3.
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Answer:
As a consequence, the chemistry of the elements is largely determined by their size, which decreases gradually with increasing atomic number. This phenomenon is known as the lanthanide contraction. All the lanthanide elements exhibit the oxidation state +3. Actinides are typical metals.