what is lanthanoid contraction
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Lanthanoid contraction, also called lanthanide contraction, in chemistry, the steady decrease in the size of the atoms and ions of the rare earth elements with increasing atomic number
The Lanthanide Contraction is caused by a poor shielding effect of the 4f electrons. Gd because as atomic number increases, the atomic radius decreases. Yb because it has a larger atomic number. Because the elements in Row 3 have 4f electrons.
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The lanthanide contraction is the greater-than-expected decrease in ionic radii of the elements in the lanthanide series from atomic number 57, lanthanum, to 71, lutetium, which results in smaller than otherwise expected ionic radii for the subsequent elements starting with 72, hafnium.
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