what is life process
Answers
The existence of life on the planet earth is mainly based on certain functions and processes. There are certain basic vital processes which are essential for an organism to stay healthy and to maintain the proper functioning of the body organ system, which all are necessary for survival. These basic essential activities performed by an organism are called as life processes.
Altogether there are six life processes which predict the condition of life. Important life processes include nutrition, transportation, metabolism, respiration, reproduction, and excretion.
The topic of life processes had been discussed in several classes. Life processes class 10 is a detailed version of different processes carried out by plants and animals.
Types of Life Processes
The different types of life processes are mentioned below:
• Nutrition
Nutrition is the process where an entity takes food and utilizes it for energy. It is a pivotal biological process that helps living beings to obtain their energy from various sources.
Nutrients are the substances which provide nutrition. Based on their requirements.
Mode of nutrition varies from one species to another. All green plants exhibit autotrophic nutrition as they synthesize their food by the process of photosynthesis, using light, carbon dioxide, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
Plants are autographs, they have an autotrophic mode of nutrition. They perform photosynthesis to prepare their own food. Animals are grouped into a heterotrophic mode of nutrition, as they depend on plants for food. All vertebrates, including humans and some unicellular organisms such as amoeba exhibit the holozoic mode of nutrition.
• Transportation
Transportation and transportation system in plants and animals are entirely different. In animals, transportation is carried out through the circulatory system. This system includes the heart, blood, and blood carrying blood vessels.
Plants have particular tissues called vascular tissues for the conduction and transportation of materials throughout the plant parts. Vascular tissues include xylem and phloem.
Xylem conducts water and minerals from roots to shoot system while phloem transports prepared food from leaves to other plant parts.
• Metabolism
Metabolism is the chemical process in which different types of chemical reactions are involved in controlling the living state of the cells in an organism. It is broadly classified into catabolism and anabolism.
Catabolism: The metabolic process in which energy is released.
Anabolism: The metabolic process in which energy is stored for further requirements.
• Respiration
Respiration includes the exchange of gases as well as the burning of food. Animals have a well-defined respiratory system for respiration.
In the process of respiration, glucose is broken down to extract energy. It is a redox reaction which can take place with or without oxygen and takes place in mitochondria of the cell and releases energy in the form of ATP.
Respiration is mainly of two types- aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
• Reproduction
The biological process of reproducing their own offspring determines the continuity of species, generation after generation. The basic types of reproduction are sexual and asexual reproduction.
Sexual Reproduction: The process of reproducing their own offspring by the involvement of the two parents.
Asexual Reproduction: The process of reproducing their own offspring by the involvement of a single parent.
• Excretion
Elimination of toxic waste substances from the body is called excretion. There are various modes of excretion and it generally differs with the different types of living species.
Plants produce waste products in the form of two gases, i.e. oxygen during photosynthesis and carbon dioxide during respiration. They excrete these gases through a structure called stomata.
Animals have an excretory system consisting of a couple of kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra. Kidney has a structural unit called nephron where the blood is filtered. After filtration, pure blood will circulate back to other parts and extracted waste products are passed into the ureter. The urinary bladder collects urine, which is excreted through the urethra.
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The basic processes of life include organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movements, and reproduction. In humans, who represent the most complex form of life, there are additional requirements such as growth, differentiation, respiration, digestion, and excretion. All of these processes are interrelated.