What is liquefaction of a gas? Discuss Andrew’s isothermsfor
carbon di oxide and important conclusions.
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Liquefaction of gases is physical conversion of a gas into a liquid state. The liquefaction of gases is a complicated process that uses various compressions and expansions to achieve high pressures and very low temperatures, using, for example, turbo expanders.
Liquefaction of Gases
Gases are difficult to transport. Due to their physical properties, it is almost impossible to transfer them from one place to another. For the same purpose, the gas is transformed into a liquid. Study of liquefaction of gases tells us about changes in the properties and structure of a gas. It also gives valuable information about the structure of matter in general. Let’s see how.
Liquefaction
Liquefaction is the transformation of a gaseous substance into its liquid state. This change is the outcome of change in physical conditions like temperature, pressure, and volume. Thomas Andrew was the first person to study the change of state from gases to liquids in Carbon Dioxide. It was later discovered that most real gases behave like Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and change from gases to liquids if optimum physical changes in temperature and pressure are achieved.
In his experiment on CO2, Andrews came to a conclusion that at high temperatures, despite high pressure, the gases cannot be liquefied. Also with the increase in temperature, the gases show significant deviation from the ideal behavior. In the case of carbon dioxide, at 30.98° C, the gas started changing into a liquid.
Isotherm of Carbon Dioxide
The graph between the Pressure and Volume at a given constant temperature is the isotherm. On studying the isotherm of Carbon dioxide we get to know the different intervals of temperatures at which a gas can show signs of liquefaction:
On studying the isotherm above we get to know the physical change of state temperature wise. Volume and pressure play a vital role in the change of state. In the above isotherm, we study the liquefaction of Carbon dioxide.
We see that the gaseous state of carbon dioxide changes to liquid at 30.98° C. The curve changes at a lower temperature, while at the higher temperature it does not show any change. At 30.98°C, the gas shows considerable deviation from the ideal gas behavior.
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