What is mahalwari system
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Mahalwari System
The mahalwari system was introduced in western Uttar Pradesh, Delhi the North -West Provinces, Punjab and Central India by Holt Mackenzie in 1822. In this system, a settlement was made with a group of villages collectively called mahal. They collectively claimed themselves to be the landlords of the village. The land revenue was fixed but could be periodically revised by the government. The responsibility of collecting the land revenue and paying it to the company was given to the village headman. Mackenzie said that village was a very important part of the system which should be preserved. He instructed the villages headmen to inspect and measure the fields, record the customs and rights of the people living in different groups and calculate the revenue.
In this arrangement, also the big and powerful zamindars dominated and exploited the smaller and the poor peasants. Large parts of land were taken away by moneylenders as the peasants could not repay the loan that they had taken to pay the high taxes. All the concentration of land and authority went in the hands of a few rich land holders. This led to agrarian riots. This system did not leave any scope for improvement in agricultural methods and led to the growth of poverty among the peasants.
Answer:
Mahalwari System :-
- The Mahalwari system was a revenue collection system that was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822 in British India.
- It was one of the three major land tenure systems implemented by the British in India.
- Thus, they used land to control the entire Revenue system, strengthening their economic condition in India.
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