what is management and nature and scope of management
Answers
Answer:
Management as it implies is the process of designing & maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups and working efficiently to achieve the goal of the organization.Generally five managerial functionlikePlanning,Organizing,Staffing,Leading & Controlling which are generally carry out by all Managers but their time spent may be vary depending on different function.
Different classical definition to Management given by some social scientist are as follows.
According to Taylor:- “Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way.”
According to Henry Fayol:- “To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to co-ordinate and to control.”
NATURE OF MANAGEMENT:
To understand the basic nature of management it must be analysed with different aspects in terms of art and science, in relation to administration, and as a profession, in terms of managerial skills and style of managers. Management is Combination of Art and Science Management knowledge exhibits characteristics of both art and science, the two not mutually exclusive but supplementary. Every discipline of art is always backed by science which is basic knowledge of that art. Similarly, every discipline of science is complete only when it is interpret accurately & is used in practice for solving various kinds of problems faced by human beings with in the organisation or in other fields of social life which is more related to an art. Art basically deals with an application of knowledge of personal skill and know-how in a specific situation for efficiently achieving a given objective. It is concerned with the best way of doing things and is consequently, personalized in nature.
Management as as Art:
The main elements are:
Personal Skill
Application of knowledge
Result Orientation
Creativity
Practical know-how
Management is basically an Art because of the following reasons:
Management seeks to achieve concrete practical results that can be fruitful.
A Manager applies his/her lore & skill to co-ordinate the effort of their people for the sake of the organization.
Management as an Science:
The main elements are:
Management are considered as Social Science,It is designed not only to brings profits to the organization but also serve as a helpful tool for the society.
Different principles & theories developed through continuous Research & Development (R&D), Continuous observation and experimentation.
It constitute a systematized body of knowledge which have practicability,
Universal acceptability is there.
As a whole the theory (Science) and practice (Art) of Management so far the Management scenario is concerned should be well balanced for the effective and efficient functioning of an organization.
Management as a Profession:
The essential attributed here are:
Learning Ability
Post Learning Experience
Ethical code of Conduct
National Recognition
Working Principles
SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT
(i) Production Management: Production management implies different functions like planning, organizing, directing and controlling so as to produce the right goods, in right quantity, at the right time and at the right cost which fulfills the ethical code of conduct and increase the product acceptability. It includes the following activities:
(a) Inventory cost and quality control programme should be properly adopted.
(b) Zero Accident with higher Production.
(c)Continuous research and development.
(ii) Marketing Management: Marketing management refers to the identification of consumers needs and supplying them the goods and services which can satisfy these needs & wants.Product Quality should be maintained to attract the consumer towards the product. It involves:
(a) Marketing research to determine the current needs and expectation of consumers and design the future product to meet the customer expectation.
(b) It helps to wide circulation of products.
(iii) Financial Management: Financial management seeks to ensure the right amount and type of funds to business at the right time and at reasonable cost. It is considered as the backbone of any business. Basically it includes the following activities:
(a) Accessing the requirement of funds according to the type of business.
(b) selecting the appropriate source of funds that suits the type of business.
(iv) Personnel Management: Personnel management involves different management functions and integration of human involvement in it. Generally it consists of several activities:
(a) Manpower planning & control.
(b) Recruitment & Selection of deserving candidates,
(d) training & development.
(e) Employee appraisal.
(f) Employee promotion and transfer,
(g) Employee Compensation,
(h) Employee welfare services.