Question

What is markovnikov rule? Please explain with mechanism and examples.

Answer 1

In organic chemistry, Markovnikov's rule or Markownikoff's rule describes the outcome of some addition reactions. The rule was formulated by Russian chemist Vladimir Markovnikov in 1870.

Markovnikov's rule is an empirical rule used to predict regioselectivity of electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes. To afford the observed product, the net reaction is addition of the hydrogen atom in HBr to the doubly bonded carbon atom in the alkene, bearing the greater number of hydrogen atoms.

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Answer 2

Answer:

When a protic acid HX (X = Cl, Br, I) is added to an asymmetrically substituted alkene, addition of acidic hydrogen takes place at the less substituted carbon atom of the double bond, while halide X is added to the more alkyl substituted carbon atom. In other words, hydrogen is added to the carbon atom with more number of hydrogen atoms attached to it and halide is added to the carbon atom with least number of hydrogen atoms [1, 2].

Explanation:

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