what is meant by ecosystem
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The relation between plants and animals is called eco system.
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An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving componentssuch as air, water, and mineral soil.[3]Ecosystems may be studied either as contingent collections of plants and animals, or as structured systems and communities that are governed by general rules.[4] The biotic and abiotic components interact through nutrient cycles and energy flows.[5]Ecosystems include a network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment.[6] Ecosystems can be of any size but one ecosystem has a specific, limited space.[7] Some scientists view the entire planet as one ecosystem.[8]
Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems comes primarily from the sun, through photosynthesis. Photosynthesis also captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Animals also play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through ecosystems. They influence the amount of plant and microbial biomass that lives in the system. As organic matter dies, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere. This process also facilitates nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be used again by plants and other microbes.[9]
Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material that forms the soil, topography and time have a big impact on ecosystems, but they are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem.[10] Ecosystems are dynamic: they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from past disturbances.[11] Internal factors are different: They not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them. Internal factors are subject to feedback loops.[10]
Humans operate within ecosystems. The effects of human activities can influence internal and external factors.[10] Global warming is an example of a cumulative impact of human activities. Ecosystems provide benefits, called "ecosystem services", which people depend on for their livelihood. Ecosystem management is more efficient than trying to manage individual species.
Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems comes primarily from the sun, through photosynthesis. Photosynthesis also captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Animals also play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through ecosystems. They influence the amount of plant and microbial biomass that lives in the system. As organic matter dies, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere. This process also facilitates nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be used again by plants and other microbes.[9]
Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material that forms the soil, topography and time have a big impact on ecosystems, but they are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem.[10] Ecosystems are dynamic: they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from past disturbances.[11] Internal factors are different: They not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them. Internal factors are subject to feedback loops.[10]
Humans operate within ecosystems. The effects of human activities can influence internal and external factors.[10] Global warming is an example of a cumulative impact of human activities. Ecosystems provide benefits, called "ecosystem services", which people depend on for their livelihood. Ecosystem management is more efficient than trying to manage individual species.
Rucha0:
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