Question

What is meant by electric current? Name and define its SI unit. In a conductor electrons are flowing from B to A. What is the direction of conventional current? Give justification for your answer.
A steady current of 1 ampere flows through a conductor. Calculate the number of electrons that flows through any section of the conductor in 1 second. (Charge on electron 1.6 X 10-19 coulomb).

Answer 1

Answer :Electric current is basically the flow or charge of the electric charge in motion in a conductor. It is said to exist when there is a net flow of charge through the region

The SI unit of current is Ampere.

Answer 2

Required Answer:

Answer 1:

Electric current:-

The flow of charges from one point to another in a conductor is called Electric current. It can also be defined as the rate of flow of charges. These charges can be positive or negative ( proton or electron).

Current is donated by “I”.

It's SI unit is “Ampere”.

The current flowing through a conductor is said to be 1 Ampere, when 1 coloumb of charges flow in 1 sec across conductor.

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Answer 2:

If electrons are flowing in a circuit from B to A, then the conventional direction of current will be from A to B.

Justification:-

The electrons in a circuit flows from -ve terminal to +ve terminal. But conventional direction of current is taken as opposite to direction of electrons and is same as the direction of positive charges. Positive charges (protons) move from +ve to -ve terminal in a circuit. Also direction of protons (positive charges) is opposite to the direction of electrons ( negative charges).

Since, the conventional direction of current is opposite to direction of electrons, current will flow from A to B terminal.

★Hence justified

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Answer 3:

It is given that current of 1 Ampere is flowing through a conductor in 1 second and we have to find number of electrons that are flowing across it's cross-section area. We have also given that charge on 1 electron is $\sf 1.6\times 10^{-19}$.

So let's do it!!

Given:

• Current=1 Ampere

• Time=1 second

• Charge on 1 electron=$\sf 1.6\times 10^{-19}$

We have formula for current:

$\large\underline{\boxed{\sf I=\dfrac{Q}{t}}}\bigstar$

Here:-

• I refers to “Current”.

• Q refers to number of charges.

• t refers to time taken by charge to flow.

Let's put given values in formula to find number of charges.

$\sf \longrightarrow I=\dfrac{Q}{t}$

$\sf\longrightarrow 1 \: Ampere=\dfrac{Q}{1\;second}$

$\sf\longrightarrow 1 \: Ampere\times 1 second=Q$

$\sf\longrightarrow 1 Ampere. second=Q$

1 Ampere. Second is 1 coulomb.

$\sf\longrightarrow 1 Coluomb=Q(charges)$

Now we have formula:

$\large\underline{\boxed{\sf Q=ne}}\bigstar$

Here:-

• Q refers to number of charges.

• n refers to number of electrons.

• e refers to charge on 1 electron.

Now put values in formula!

$\sf \longrightarrow Q=ne$

$\sf \longrightarrow 1\: Coluomb=n(1.6\times 10^{-19})$

$\sf \longrightarrow\dfrac{ 1}{(1.6\times 10^{-19})}=n$

$\sf \longrightarrow\dfrac{ 1\times 10^{19}}{1.6}=n$

$\sf \longrightarrow 0.625\times 10^{19}=n$

$\sf \longrightarrow 6.25\times 10^{18}=n$

So the number of electrons flowing through conductor is 6.25×10¹⁸.

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