Question

what is meant by hybridisation which is the most common method of hybridisation explain it

Answer 1

Hybridisation (or hybridization),noun, is the process of combining different varieties of organisms to create a hybrid. In biology,a hybrid,or crossbreed, is the result of combining the qualities of 2 organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction.

Hybrids aren’t always intermediates between their parents (such as in blending inheritance) but can show hybrid vigour, often growing with better characters than their parents like growing larger or taller etc.

Concept of a hybrid is interpreted differently in animal and plant breeding, where there is interest in individual parentage.

There can also be some small drawbacks in this process which can be rectified by different methods. One such example is cited below:

Cross hybridisation (occurs in individuals of different species) is sometimes time consuming and tedious. In such cases, when superior recombinants (organisms exhibiting more desirable characters) are self pollinated continuously, high number of progeny will be obtained with desirable characters and these characters get incorporated into their genes attaining homozygosity by which desirable characters are persistent over several generations without segregation of characters. This process is often observed in plant breeding technology.

Answer 2

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$\implies$To increase crop production, we need to have crop plants with desirable characteristics. The crop plant should be resistant to diseases and drought and should be able to give higher yield. This is achieved by scientists known as plant breeders, who experiment with different varieties of plants to produce such plants having desirable characteristics through the process of plant breeding or hybridization.

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• Two plants with desirable characteristics are selected. For example, one plant which gives higher yield but is is susceptible to diseases and other plant which shows resistance to diseases.
• In case of bisexual flowers, to prevent self fertilization, anthers of one variety of plants are removed by a process called emasculation.
• Pollens from the other variety of plants are transferred to the stigma of emasculaled flowers.
• The seeds obtained after fertilization are sown and the process is repeated for several generations to get the desired characters in the seed which is known as stock.

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