what is meant by linguism
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Answer:
At the time of achievement of Independence from the British rule in 1947, there were many princely states. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, the then home minister, played a stellar role in amalgamating these states into the union of India. The Constitution of India was adopted on 20th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950, which defined the Union of India, comprising of different states, and union territories. In 1950, the states were reorganized on linguistic basis.
As a result, the domiciles of a particular state speak a particular language. Therefore India has become a land of many tongues and has been called “as a tower of veritable languages” or a “Museum of languages” or a “linguistic madhouse”. According to the 1961 census of India there were 1018 different languages. The 1971 census reveals that 1952 languages and dialects are spoken by the people of India. The Constitution of India has approved of 18 languages such as Assamese, Bengali, Guajarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Manipuri, Nepali and Konkani.
It has been rightly pointed out by A.R. Desai that India presents a spectacle of museum of tongues. India has also been called a tower of Babel.” This multilingual nature of the country affects every aspect of her national life. At present the language problem has become so acute that it has posed a major threat to national integration. Most often linguistic tensions are being manifested in the borders which are bilingual. The Goans are divided on the basis of Marathi and Konkani languages. In Belgaum there is a tug of war between Marathi and Kannad speaking people.
Assam is confronted with Bengali and Assamese. Bihar and Utter Pradesh are not free from the linguistic problems too. There conflict tends to persist among the Urdu, Hindi and Oriya linguistic groups and Urdu and Hindi speaking people respectively. It has also been demanded to include English in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. Of course English is a great language, but the problem is that, no nation can grow great with the help of a foreign language, simply because a foreign language fails to represent the indigenous culture.
India is not the only country faced with the problem of diversity of languages and multiplicity of scripts. Erstwhile U.S.S.R. and Switzerland, for instance, do also possess a number of languages. But “Unlike India in almost all the republic of the Soviet Union, Cyrillic script solved the problem of script.”
In the past, India did not have the problem of languages, because Sanskrit and Prakrit served as link language. In the later period, the role was being played by Persian and English language. They all were found suitable as link languages at least for the intelligentsia of the country. At present, although Hindi has been recognized as the national language, this has promoted bitter hostilities, particularly in the South.
Even the Constituent Assembly accepted Hindi as the official language after bitter and prolonged controversy.” Even though Nehru supported Hindi as a link language, nevertheless, he thought it to be unwise to impose Hindi on non-Hindi speaking people. “Language is the most delicate part of the body of community. It should not ordinarily be disturbed in the process of national development or social regeneration.”
Explanation:
Answer:
linguism (uncountable) Discrimination based on a person's language. Competition among or unequal treatment of languages and their speaker communities.