What is meant by managment process? Explain its characteristics.
Answers
Answer:
Management is a process of planning, decision making, organizing, leading, motivation and controlling the human resources, financial, physical, and information resources of an organization to reach its goals in an efficient and effective manner
Answer:
Management is a process which brings the scarce human and material resources together and motivates people for the achievement of objectives of the organization. Management is not a onetime act but an on-going series of interrelated activities. The sum total of these activities is known as management process. It consists of a set of interrelated operations or functions necessary to achieve desired organizational goals. A process is a systematic way of doing things. It is concerned with conversion of inputs into outputs. An analysis of management process will enable us to know the functions which managers perform.
Features of Management Process:
Management process is characterized by the following features:
1. Social Process:
The entire management process is regarded as a social process as the success of all organizational efforts depends upon the willing co-operation of people. Managers guide, direct, influence and control the actions of others to achieve stated goals. Even people outside the organization are influenced by the actions of managers.
2. Continuous Process:
The process of management is on-going and continuous. Managers continuously take up one or the other function. Management cycle is repeated over and over again, each managerial function is viewed as a sub-process of total management process.
3. Universal:
Management functions are universal in the sense that a manager has to perform them irrespective of the size and nature of the organization. Each manager performs the same functions regardless of his rank or position in the organization. Even in a non-business organization managerial functions are the same.
4. Iterative:
Managerial functions are contained within each other the performance of the next function does not start only when the earlier function is finished. Various functions are taken together. For example, planning, organizing, directing and controlling may occur within staffing function. Similarly, organizing may require planning, directing and controlling. So all functions can be thought of as sub-functions of each other.
5. Composite:
All managerial functions are composite and integrated. There cannot be any sequence which can be strictly followed for performing various functions. The sequential concept may be true in a newly started business where functions may follow a particular sequence but the same will not apply to a going concern. Any function may be taken up first or many functions may be taken up at the same time.
Classification of Management Functions:
Different authors have given different managerial functions. Henry Fayol was the first to define specific functions of management. In his words, “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.”