Question

What is meant by quantisation of electrical​ charge? Why. do we ignore it on microscopic scale?

Answer 1

Electric charge of a body is quantised, that means only integral number of charges are transferred from one body to another (not in fraction) due to which a body is able to posses only integral, non-fractional charge.
But in some cases, non-integral or fractional charges are also present. For example, a up quark has a charge of +2/3 and a down quark has a charge of -1/3. A proton consists of two up quarks and a down quark, whose algebraic sum is equal to +1, which is the charge of a proton.

Answer 2

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Electric charge of a body is quantized.

This means that only integral (1, 2, …., n) number of electrons can be transferred from one body to the other.

Charges are not transferred in fraction.

Hence, a body possesses total charge only in integral multiples of electric charge.

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In macroscopic or large scale charges, the charges used are huge as compared to the magnitude of electric charge.

Hence, quantization of electric charge is of no use on macroscopic scale.

Therefore, it is ignored and it is considered that electric charge is continuous.

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